- How do I log off/shut down? You will find the last selection "Log Out" within the Menu on the lower left hand corner of your desktop.
Where is the Start menu? In Linux Mint, the Start menu is simply called "Menu" on the lower left hand corner of the desktop.
Where is My Computer? In Windows, you normally go to My Computer to view your different directories like A:/ or C:/ drive. In Linux Mint, the equivalent is called File System.
In Linux, there is no drive A:/ to view CD's, DVD's or attachable hard drives. Instead you will see the icon with the name of the CD, DVD or attachable hard drive. There is a folder called "media" at the top (or root) level of the Linux filesystem where you will find the removable media mounted. There is no C:/ drive in Linux either. The root level of the Linux filesystem is almost equivalent to the C:/ drive in Windows but not the same because the "media" file is a subset file of the root level and not a separate root file system. For example, in Windows media is viewed in the A:/ drive which is completely separate from the C:/ drive where all the main program files are stored.
Where is the Control Panel? In Linux Mint, think of the Control Panel as 2 categories. There's "System" to perform typical System Administration tasks. Then there's "Settings" to configure the appearance of the desktop. Both of these categories can be found in the "Menu" at the lower left hand corner of the desktop.
Where is All Programs? By going into the "Menu" you have the ability to view all loaded programs by category except if you executed a custom install of special programs in your /home directory.
Where is Device and Printers? To configure Devices, click on "Menu". Then click on "Settings" and select "Removable Drives and Media". To configure Printers, click on "Menu". Then click on "System" and select "Printers".
Where is My Documents? The Linux equivalent is called "Documents" and can usually be found by clicking on the File System icon, which will bring you to the top level directory of the Linux file system, which is also called the root. You will find folders which store program files and configuration data similar to Windows program files or system folders. However, to find the location of the "Documents" folder, you would have to find the Home folder. The Home folder stores all the data and programs related to particular user accounts. In it, you will find folders for each username. Within each username are standard folders Documents, Music, Pictures and Videos. Depending on your distro, you can click on shortcut icons on the desktop to get to the "Documents" folder. To find "Documents" in Linux Mint, click on File System/home/(your username)/Documents OR Home/(your username)/Documents OR at the bottom left icon called "Places" in the picture below. Hovering over the grey square icon will display the name of the icon "Places".
Where is Pictures? See explanation in #7. Usually, you can find this folder as an icon on the desktop. If it's not on the desktop, you easily create a shortcut icon for it on the desktop.
Where is Music? See explanation in #7. Usually, you can find this folder as an icon on the desktop. If it's not on the desktop, you easily create a shortcut icon for it on the desktop.
Where is Games? "Games" will be a folder located as a category for programs within your Linux distro menu.
How do I Add/Remove Programs? There are 3 methods to adding and removing programs within Linux. Chances are if you have a distro which is tailored for non-geeks, there will be an easy-to-use tool where you just use your mouse to point and click. In Linux Mint, the name of this tool is Software Manager, which can be found as the fifth item from the top in the Menu.
The second method is to use Synaptic Package Manager, which allows you to use your mouse to point and click your selections. However, the programs are at a package level which can be too technical for a non-geek to deal with. 
The third way is like executing DOS commands to run programs in Windows without the GUI. It's called Command Line Interface (CLI) or Terminal Emulator prompt. You simply type commands specific to your distro. If your distro is Debian based, you will be using apt-get commands. Since Linux Mint is a derivative of the Ubuntu distro, which is based on Debian, you will be using apt-get commands to install packages from the Terminal Emulator prompt.
How do I add Shortcut Icons? Depending on the distro, you can usually right click your mouse and find the menu item that allows you to add a shortcut icon to the desktop. In Linux Mint, right click your mouse on the desktop and select Create Launcher.
You can then select which program to launch in the drop-down menu displayed after you type into the "Name" field.
How do I check disk usage? To find out where in Linux Mint, click Menu|System|Disk Usage Analyzer.
Do I need to install an Anti-Virus program? You don't really need one because there aren't that many viruses that execute on Linux and in order for a downloaded program to execute on Linux, you would have to specifically grant it permission as the Systems Administrator of your Linux OS. However, if it makes you feel more secure having one, install Clam AV.
Do I need to defrag Linux? No. The Linux filesystem does not store data non-sequentially like Windows does, which causes fragmentation.
What if my screen is frozen? You will need to execute commands to close the Windows manager specific to your Linux distro. To find out where in Linux Mint, click here.
How do I install operating system updates? Click on Menu|System|Update Manager. Or click the Blue Badge icon at the bottom right hand corner of your desktop.
Where is Outlook? Mozilla's Thunderbird comes pre-installed on some popular distros while Novell's Evolution is a worthy equivalent.
Where is MS Office? You can pay for Cross-over or use Wine emulator for free to run MS Office programs.
Or you can use LibreOffice, which I found very capable of doing a lot things I used to use MS Office for. LibreOffice comes pre-installed with Linux Mint.
Where is MS Word? LibreOffice Writer is what I use in place of MS Word. You can find it by clicking Menu|Office|LibreOffice Writer.
Where is MS Excel? LibreOffice Calc is what I use in place of MS Excel. You can find it by clicking Menu|Office|LibreOffice Calc.
Where is MS PowerPoint? LibreOffice Impress is what I use in place of MS PowerPoint. You can find it by clicking Menu|Office|LibreOffice Impress.
Where is MS Access? LibreOffice Base is a bit too basic to fully replace MS Access. (You can find it by clicking Menu|Office|LibreOffice Base.) However, since most businesses are becoming more web-based, your best bet is to use a database built for the web like PostgresSQL, MariaDb or MySQL. If you plan on using any of the web-based databases, you can develop custom front-ends based on Python, PHP and RubyonRails languages.
Where is Paint? LibreOffice Draw can perform functions similar to Paint. (You can find it by clicking Menu|Office|LibreOffice Draw.) It can also be supplemented by Gimp and Inkscape for more advanced functions. Gimp is like Adobe Photoshop while Inkscape is like Adobe Illustrator, handling 2 dimensional drawings.
Where is Accessories? Linux does have an Accessories category for programs. You can find it by clicking Menu and then Accessories.
Where is NotePad? I've been successfully using Gedit in place of NotePad for several years now and I haven't missed a beat as far as functionality. You can find it by clicking on Menu|Accessories|gedit.
Where is the Command Prompt? To find it in Linux Mint, click on Menu and Terminal Emulator at the top of the menu.
Where is the Calculator? It will be located in the Accessories folder of your Linux distro like Windows.
Where is the WebCam? For the most part, Cheese has been able to do the job adequately. If it's not installed on your PC, find it in the Software Manager and install it. Once it's installed, click on Menu|Multimedia|Cheese.
Where is Windows Media Player? Banshee Media Player or Rhythmbox can be used as a replacement for Windows Media Player. To find it, click on Menu|Multimedia|Banshee.
Where is Windows DVD Maker? Brasero can be used to make DVD's. To find it, click on Menu|Multimedia|Brasero.
Where is Windows Fax and Scan? Linux Mint comes pre-installed with Simple Scan for scanning capabilities. You may need to download drivers and execute some commands using the Terminal prompt to configure your Scanner, depending upon the Manufacturer. To find it, click on Menu|Graphics|Simple Scan.
Where is Windows Live Movie Maker? I've been using OpenShot Video Editor for creating and editing simple personal videos. OpenShot is not pre-installed with Linux Mint. Therefore, you must find it from the Software Manager and install it. Once it's installed, you can find it by clicking on Menu|Multimedia|OpenShot Video Editor.
Where is Windows Live Photo Gallery? In Linux Mint, Ristretto Image Viewer displays images stored on your PC. Shotwell can be used manage your photos. You can download it from the Software Manager and install it.
How do I transfer Android files to my desktop? If you're lucky, some distros enable you to do this with their File Manager without installing extra software and performing additional configuration. Some distros, especially older versions of their OS, will require additional software and configuration. See ADB File Manager.
- How do I backup my data or entire OS? Linux Mint has APTonCD to backup just the packages installed on your OS. Click on Menu|System|APTonCD to find it. For data, click on click on Menu|System|Backup Tool. If you want to reliably back up the entire OS, including the data, I recommend downloading and installing Clonezilla on a USB stick. To use Clonezilla, you would insert the Clonezilla USB stick into your PC and insert a hard drive that's large enough to store the backup into your PC as well.
Sunday, April 27, 2014
Transitioning from Windows Vista/XP/7 to Ubuntu
Here's a list of common tasks you routinely perform in Windows, followed by a detailed description of the how to perform each task in Linux, if applicable. (This is based on Ubuntu 12.04.)
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